A Data Protection Officer (DPO) ensures that an organisation’s data collection, processing and use complies with applicable data protection rules and regulations. DPOs are generally data protection experts with specialized knowledge and experience. They provide advice and guidance on best practices, compliance, policies and procedures, education and training, risk management and data breach response protocols.
The rapid pace of data creation, accelerated by content generated by AI, social media, streaming, digital transactions and smart technology, has increased government intervention in data governance and protection.
As such, certain jurisdictions require that companies appoint a DPO, while others strongly recommend it. This article explores the DPO requirements, qualifications and responsibilities in countries within Globalaw’s Asia Pacific region, including Hong Kong, India, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
DPO Requirements by Jurisdiction
Appointing a DPO is a recommended practice rather than a requirement in both Hong Kong and Japan. By contrast, South Korea requires most companies to appoint a DPO, except those with fewer than 10 permanent employees.
In India, DPOs are required for significant data fiduciaries. While Taiwan does not require DPOs, certain industries mandate the designation of data protection personnel.
- Hong Kong: Recommended
- India: Required for significant data fiduciaries (to be notified by the government)
- Japan: Recommended
- South Korea: Required for companies with more than 0 permanent employees
- Taiwan: Required by certain industries to designate responsible personnel
Qualifications of a DPO
For Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, there are no mandatory certifications, licenses, or qualifications required before someone can be appointed as a company’s DPO.
While there are also no legal or technical qualification mandates for India, a DPO shall be (a) based in India, and (b) be an individual responsible to the Board of Directors or similar governing body of the significant data fiduciary.
Responsibilities of a DPO
The responsibilities of a DPO vary by jurisdiction and, in some cases, by industry and are authorized by the governing authority of that jurisdiction.
Hong Kong
Governing Body: The Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD).
The PCPD provides the following recommendations:
- Establish and implement the Privacy Management Programme (PMP), such as maintaining a record of the organisation's data inventory, conducting periodic risk assessments, and providing training and education.
- Review the effectiveness of the PMP, including preparing an oversight and review plan.
- Report regularly to top management on the organization's compliance issues, problems encountered, and complaints received related to personnel.
India
Governing Body: Government of India, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
Under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP), the DPO shall represent the significant data fiduciary under the provisions of the legislation and be the point of contact for the grievance redressal mechanism.
Japan
Governing Body: Personal Information Protection Commission
A DPO is not subject to any legally mandated responsibilities.
South Korea
Governing Body: The Personal Information Protection Commission
Under the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), the DPO handles personal information for business purposes to comply with the regulations. These responsibilities include:
- Overseeing the handling and protection of personal data,
- Establishing internal policies and safeguards,
- Responding to data subject requests (e.g., correction, deletion),
- Managing incident response for data breaches,
- Serving as the liaison with the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC),
- Conducting regular audits and training
Taiwan
Governing Body: The Taiwanese government is in the process of forming the Personal Data Protection Commission.
Only specific industries are required to designate responsible personnel, and sector-specific regulations govern their responsibilities.
--
This article is part of a series by our Globalaw APAC Data Privacy & Protection Taskforce members.
Globalaw’s APAC Data Privacy & Protection Taskforce comprises 15 law firms in the Asia-Pacific region with specialized expertise in advising international companies on how to implement and manage a multijurisdictional data protection program.
Taskforce member firms combine a strategic, business-minded approach with cross-border collaboration to help clients build and maintain sophisticated and resilient data practices, effectively mitigate and respond to incidents, and provide sophisticated representation to resolve disputes or regulatory investigations.
Explore the Globalaw APAC Data Privacy & Protection Taskforce brochure for more information and regional contacts.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Information, including laws and statutes, cited are subject to change and is accurate as of 30 June 2025, but readers should verify such current status. We and our member firms shall not be held liable for any loss and/or damage incurred by any person acting as a result of the information contained in this article. Reliance on this content is at the reader’s own risk, and no attorney-client relationship is formed by reading or acting upon this article. Always seek professional legal counsel to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
